TOE  |
Military intelligence brigades coordinate, manage,
and direct intelligence and surveillance; they conduct collection
management,
Each BRIGADE:
Brigade designated combat team has striker team with HUMINT and CI capability in addition to R&S assets.
Brigade headquarters
Ops Bn,
Aerial exploitation/reconnaissance Bn
Fwd collection Bn(CI/HUMINT) ,
Fwd collection Bn (SIGINT),
Comm. Bn.
And electronics Bn,
PUSHING DOWN INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITY FROM BRIGADE LEVEL
OPTION A: Military Intelligence (Ml) Battalion
The MI Bn provides a focused approach for Bde Int staff as it is a fully contained organization with specialized companies, the CI Company, the C&E Company and the I&E company. All these companies provide a better situational understanding of the Bde Commander by providing support to HUMINT, (Tactical HUMINT teams), conducting intelligence preparation of the battlefield, interrogation and document/equipment exploitation operations, support to targeting and battle damage assessment/restrike options, developing threat disposition estimate. The Companies further have MI enabled platoons which on account of being near the ground can collect and provide timely threat intelligence data. Each platoon may be specialized in its own way; one can be a tactical HUMINT platoon , HUMINT platoon, one an ISR analysis platoon all being controlled by the Company headquarters element which also interfaces with the Company
commander and staff and laterally with the other specialty MI companies under the MI Bn.Fusing of intelligence data from the platoons and lateral companies with those that are pushed down from higher HQ on requisition gives a far better threat assessment. Ultimately combat intelligence, target information and otrher satisfied priority intelligence requirements are at the hands of the Commander for necessary action.
The MI company in support provides-
Communications intercept, direction finding (DF), and ECM.
CI.
Interrogation.
Ground surveillance.
Personnel to staff the Intelligence Section, These soldiers conduct-
The TEB Unit provides
1.CI
2.interrogation of prisoners
3.
4.and LRS support to corps operations
CLIC
Under the command and supervision of the Inf Bn STAFF INT OFFICER Int officer intelligence platoons can be created. From among the Bn soldiers according to capability, availability and performance should be selected.
There wil be two echelons in each platoon.
(SECTION A supports Bn HQ.The Bn Int HQ Section will be composed of one Int officer,one intelligence specialist of the rank of JCO, and 3 enlisted soldiers. The Int officer can serve both as staff officer for the Bn Command and also as Commander of the operating forces in the Company. He is responsible for analyzing intelligence and planning deployment and tactical employment of ISR assets. The intelligence specialist can be a ground recon specialist whose duties involve observe and report on enemy activity and other information of military importance in close operations.
(Close operations are operations that are within the commander's area of operation (AO) in his battle space . Most operations that are projected in close areas are usually against hostile forces in immediate contact and are often the decisive actions. It requires speed and mobility to rapidly concentrate overwhelming combat power at the critical time and place and exploit success. Dominated by fire support, the combined elements of the ground and air elements conduct maneuver warfare to enhance the effects of their fires and their ability to maneuver. As they maneuver to gain positions of advantage over the enemy, combined arms forces deliver fires to disrupt the enemy’s ability to interfere with that maneuver.)
SECTION B is the CLIC.Colocated with the Company. (One intelligence analyst and five enlisted infantrymen.)
Each company of the Bn should select and train at least 6 personnel.
The formation of this platoon will facilitate initial and sustainment training by ensuring consistency throughout the battalion and eliminating additional training requirements for the companies. It will also ensure standardization in processes and reporting formats, and further promote lateral communication among the CLICs. Armed with the BLIP the Commander now has his own organic intelligence unit which will provide him additional support apart from the intelligence feeds as a result of his request for information from higher ups.Moreover and more important the BLIPs of all the companies in the Bnb conduct lateral communication , exchanging combat intelligence and other information, thus keeping abreast of latest developments and enemy tactics which the other company is confronting and the tactics, techniques and procedures employed by the company with an element of success. With the passage of time the initial training given to say the enlisted soldiers or the intelligence specialist helps in sustainment training ,the training a byproduct of the operations the soldier is involved with without resorting to tutored training. Soon the BLIP transforms itself into a robust intelligence unit of the Bn,
Company Level Intelligence Cells
Coming to the CLIC level we have an organic capability to acquire combat intelligence directloy at the ground level. Actionable intelligence is needed desperately by our fighting forces but the time delay from sensor to shooter(sensors on receipt of request for information collect the data
matching given coordinates, pass it on to the intelligence section for interpretation who in turn sends it to his higher up for evaluation and dissemination to the ground unit; in case of map/imagery obtained by aerial surveillance the time delay is much more) is often so much that despite accurate target nomination the operation slips out of hand. With the CLIC at his disposal the commander now can obtain, analyse and act on readily available combat intelligence without having to wait for intelligence feeds.C2, intelligence and operations are hereby synchronized and integration achieved successfully. That too at the lowest level. The CLIC is supervised by the company commander. The two sections of CLIC , collection and analysis and production are looked after by the officer in charge , usually a JCO and there will be two soldiers , one from each section to function as intelligence watch and are assigned to the company combat ops center.
Functions/responsibilities:
CLIC
If required, the CLICs now have the capacity to surge intelligence trained soldiers to support operations such as cordon and searches and raids.
After an area of operations is identified inhabited by an asymmetric enemy in a complex terrain with weak transportation and logistical infrastructure. We need to deploy an interim combat team complete with HUMINT/, CI/. SIGINT assets which will act as an early combat team, mounted infantry organization with the capability to rapidly assess the environment, physical terrain, community, cultural and political and conduct an intelligence preparation of the battlefield by assessing the enemy’s strength, capabilities, disposition, TOE thus enabling the striking force to project itself before deployment. The primary intent here is to develop a situational understanding of an unknown area inhabited by an enemy against the backdrop of distributed, asymmetric, nonlinear simultaneous operations. Here the problem is to determine the OB of an enemy that doesn’t have a conventional standing force nor is easily identifiable. We don’t see any typical military structure, units, rear and forward areas or logistical networks characteristic of conventional enemy forces. It is a big question how to deploy ISR assets for collecting intelligence or conducting reconnaissance or for that matter determining the center of gravity of the enemy.
LRS units provide reliable HUMINT against second echelon and
PROJECTING COMBAT POWER WITH ORGANIC ISR CAPABILITY
Reason for creation of interim team:
Without sending in the interim combat team to gain a
situational understanding it is totally impracticable to deploy the
striking forces. What we need is a interim combat force with
reconnaissance, surveillance and target nomination
The recce platoon, in addition to reconnaissance and surveillance should also engage in HUMINT activities for thorough situational understanding. The situation in asymmetric warfare is different. Here the recce platoon can conduct HUMINT operations. The reconnaissance platoon should be equipped with CI capability. This heightens its HUMNINT collection ability.
The HUMINT teams (4 teams) are in effect Tactical HUMINT Teams each with 3 HUMINT collectors and one CI agent. Once deployed, the teams report their information to an operational management team (OMT), which collates intelligence data gathered by the tactical teams. The information is then passed on to the brigade INT section for further analysis and integration into the brigade's collection plan.
C2:
The reconnaissance platoon HQ and the HUMINT platoon
HQ both should contain one CI NCO.The reconnaissance squads each should
have one CI soldier. Thus at the lowest tactical level organic CI
capability with the deployment of maximum possible CI soldiers is hereby
achieved thus increasing significantly the reconnaissance troops HUMINT
collection capability. We can optimally have in the recce patrol 3
INSERT PARA:
HUMINT OR MI BN IDEA
INTERIM COMBAT TEAM WITH ORGANIC INT AND R&S CAPABILITY – TO PROJECT FORWARD OF AO
Operations Battalion
Collection Management Section
Production Section ASPD & OB Teams
BDA & TGT Team
Single Source Teams.
MASINT Team
SIGINT Team
HUMINT Team
IMINT Team
Corps Military Intelligence Support Element
Intelligence Support Elements
HUMINT Collection Operations
Combating terrorism support
Rear operations support
Information operations support
Civil disturbance support
Local operational data collection
Debriefing and interrogation
HUMINT threat assessment
Reconnaissance HUMINT Missions
Elicit information from the local populace.
Interrogate EPWs and Detainees.
Debrief Allies and U.S. personnel.
Document exploitation.
Threat vulnerability assessments.
Source screening operations.
Spotting/assessing for Tactical HUMINT Teams.
The early entry force, the interim combat team along with HUMINT/CI capability executes both an operational mission and intelligence endeavour.It shapes the battle space before the strike force moves in, makes conditions disadvantageous for the enemy in the initial stage , facilitates the arrival of the strike forces. It also conducts a preliminary intelligence preparation of the battlefield, makes a human terrain study and interacts with local populace using tactical questioning and elicitation to identify threats. In other words it helps in projecting the force into the new area of operations. In the case of asymmetric warfare projecting the force should be the case, not just deterrence. The latter part is force protection—is indeed very important, but if we have to uproot the enemy we need to be proactive, offensive and resort to projecting right into the heart of the enemy’s base.
THE INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE
Intelligence estimate. The intelligence estimate is derived from the intelligence preparation of the battlefield (lPB). It is based on all available intelligence and considers everything of operational significance. It will help point out gaps in the intelligence database. It is from these gaps that requirements are derived. It will provide information on the mission, AO, weather, terrain, enemy situation, enemy capabilities, and conclusions. It will cover all of the standard OB topics.
In the Army at the Division or higher HQ level the intelligence estimate is prepared by the Intelligence Officer and his staff...it is instrumental in devising the COAs by the Commander. The estimate sums up the intelligence factors affecting the mission. It identifies the enemy’s probable COAs and the order of their adoption. It takes into account the Terrain and weather characteristics which might affect both the gauged intentions of the enemy and our mission and details the area of operations, the enemy situation and the capabilities of the enemy. The estimate is continually updated so as to keep the Commander abreast of any latest developments or changes in the intent of the enemy. This intelligence estimate is briefed at the Brigade/Battalion level. The intelligence estimate is predicated by the Intent of the enemy. Or Intents. The Staff Running Estimates helps each staff officer recognize and interpret the indicators of enemy intentions, objectives, combat effectiveness and potential enemy COA‟s which may counter the commanders end state. Thus the aim of the commander is to study the intents and devise appropriate course/s of actions taking into account several factors including order of battle, intelligence preparation of the battlefield, behavioral indicators, table of organization and
equipment, enemy capabilities and so on.(Order of Battle refers to the compilation of a systematic and methodical analysis of assets, capabilities, composition, and disposition of an adversarial organization, whereas TO&E refers to the organization table of units and associated equipment.)
To prepare this very important document the intelligence officer and his staff draw on the intelligence reports prepared earlier by the intelligence units detailing the terrain, weather characteristics and enemy strengths ,capabilities and limitations and the intelligence officer's conclusions about the total effects of the area of operations (AO) on friendly courses of action, the courses of action most likely to be adopted by the enemy, and the effects of exploitable enemy vulnerabilities. In other words we’re conducting a CAPABILITIES BRIEF of the
ENEMY Our MISSION is to develop an understanding of the ENEMY through the collection and analysis of available information, and then create an Intelligence product for dissemination.
These intelligence feeds by the units upwards which aid finally in the preparation of the intelligence estimate, is the result of tasking handed down to the collectors/HUMINT personnel by the Collection Manager. It is here where the intelligence efforts of the HUMINT/collector agents come into play which is governed by the intelligence cycle.
OPTION B: COMPANY LEVEL MILITARY INTELLIGENCE CELL:
Organization
The MI cell (C& E), shown at Figure 2, is organized into a headquarters section, an MI unit (CI), an MI unit (interrogation and exploitation), and an MI unit (collection and exploitation). Headquarters section provides C2, administrative services, and logistic support for units of the company.
Roles and Functions
The Collection and Exploitation section provides interrogation and CI support. Functions , include:
Setting up interrogation centers and executing interrogation operations of enemy prisoners of war.
Determine enemy multidisciplinary intelligence threat, analyse it and recommend countermeasures, both on the passive defensive side as well as offensive methods.
Conduct exploitation of turned enemy agents. Conduct polygraph techniques and technical operations.
Conduct DOCEX
Conduct debriefing of high level military/political figures,refugees,patrols,military personnel who are released by enemy from capture or who have escaped from captivity,detained civilians and other people who have information of interest.
Conduct Counterintelligence Force Protection Source Operations (CFSO).
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE UNIT (CI)
Mission
Organization
The MI Unit (CI) will be composed of a section HQ, an Ops section, and CI platoon.
Figure 3: Counterintelligence Team
Roles and Functions
Provides
Conducts Vulnerability assessment
Supports OPSEC
Supports targeting , nominates HVT
Conducts CI investigations
Conducts Counterintelligence FP Source Operations
Conducts counterespionage,countersubversion and countersabotage operations.
Liases with other intelligence agencies
Conducts offensive operations during wartime Areas of interest:
Known or suspected acts of treason,sedition,espionage by Army personnel
Terrorism,assassination incidents
Defections and unexplained absence of Army personnel
People impersonating as military intelligence personnel.
MI UNIT (INTERROGATION AND EXPLOITATION I&E) Mission
"The mission of the MI Unit (Interrogation and Exploitation) is to conduct interrogation of enemy prisoners of war EPW,debriefing of persons having information of intelligence value and exploitation of captured doicuments,media and hardware.”
Organization
The MI Unit (Interrogation and Exploitation) consists of a HQ section,an Ops section,communications section and I&E platoon.
Figure 4: Interrogation and Exploitation Team
Roles and Functions
Setting up interrogation facilities during wartime
Interrogation of EPWs.Establishment of a joint or combined interrogation facility and conduct interrogations of EPWs. Conduct debriefings of high level political and military personnel, civilian internees,refugees, displaced persons, and other non- US personnel.
Conduct debriefing of high level military/political figures,refugees,patrols,military personnel who are released by enemy from capture or who have escaped from captivity,detained civilians and other people who have information of interest.
Conducts DOCEX,and translation of captured documents.Translate and exploit documents acquired, found, or captured in the theater AO.
Debrief US and Allied personnel having escaped after being captured or having evaded capture.
MI UNIT (COLLECTION AND EXPLOITATION C&E)
The above two units, viz MI (CI) and MI(I&E) are
combined into one UNIT , collection and exploitation MI(C&E) and
hence executes all the functions which are inherent in the 2 units. This
is a modular unit, can hence plug as a detachment support into any
Battalion/Company which requires CI/HUMINT support but does not require a
full intelligence battalion /Company expertise. It can also be
situation may not allow the deployment of full intelligence assets
Mission
"The collection and exploitation unit collects intelligence information through the acquisition, training, briefing and debriefing of HUMINT assets in support of Army requirements and provides CI support within the area of operations, conducts interrogations of prisoners of war and other personnel of intelligence interest; translates and exploits selected foreign documents/ media; and exploits foreign materiel of intelligence interest."
Organization
The MI Unit (Collection and Exploitation) consists of a section headquarters, CI operations section, interrogation operations section, and counterintelligence and I & E platoons.
Roles and Functions
Provides
Conducts Vulnerability assessment
Supports OPSEC
Supports targeting , nominates HVT
Conducts CI investigations
Conducts Counterintelligence FP Source Operations
Conducts counterespionage,countersubversion and countersabotage operations.
Liases with other intelligence agencies
Conducts offensive operations during wartime
Areas of interest:
Known or suspected acts of treason,sedition,espionage by Army personnel
Known or suspected association with elements of threat intelligence
Terrorism,assassination incidents
Defections and unexplained absence of Army personnel
People impersonating as military intelligence personnel.
Setting up interrogation facilities during wartime
Interrogation of EPWs.Establishment of a joint or combined interrogation facility and conduct interrogations of EPWs. Conduct debriefings of high level political and military personnel, civilian internees,refugees, displaced persons, and other non- US personnel.
Conduct debriefing of high level military/political figures,refugees,patrols,military personnel who are released by enemy from capture or who have escaped from captivity,detained civilians and other people who have information of interest.
Conducts DOCEX,and translation of captured documents.Translate and exploit documents acquired, found, or captured in the theater AO.
Debrief US and Allied personnel having escaped after being captured or having evaded capture.
Areas of interest:
Known or suspected acts of treason,sedition,espionage by Army personnel
Known or suspected association with elements of threat intelligence
Terrorism,assassination incidents
Defections and unexplained absence of Army personnel
People impersonating as military intelligence personnel.
DERIVATION FROM ABOVE ..
1.MODULAR FORCE DESIGN :
The resources and capabilities at the hands of the Commander with
respect to intelligence assets are limited , sometimes scarce .From the
above we can introduce the concept of ‘’Modularity’’ in force design.
That is to say we can create a deployable, scalable, modular
intelligence capability to plug into the requirements interface of any
adjacent unit/company/headquarters who lack the necessary intelligence
capability or whose resources are very limited. This modular
2. Tactical HUMINT team formed at company level from CI and I&E platoons of the C&E Company.( Please refer to the Appendix for further details on Tactical HUMINT.
