Law Enforcement Intelligence

• Process and Assessment

Police Intelligence Units

• Training Law Enforcement Officers from patrolman up on the importance of Police Intelligence in making the department more efficient in preventing and solving crimes is imperative for modern departments

Definition of Law Enforcement Intelligence

• Law enforcement intelligence is the end product of an analytic process
• It includes the collection and assessment of information about crimes and/or criminal enterprises

NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE DEFINED

• National security intelligence is the end product of an analytic process
• Concerned with the relationship of the United States with foreign powers, organizations, and persons

Turning Data into Intelligence

• All information is not intelligence.
• Until information is processed or analyzed it is simply data that may or may not be true, insightful, or relevant

• INFORMATION

• PASSIVE

• INTELLIGENCE

• PROACTIVE

• > Forecasting
• > Correlations
• > Offer
• Suppositions
• > Direct an
• Investigation
• or Inquiry

• Information
• Simply Awaits
• Access

• ANALYTIC PROCESSES

Objectives of Law a Enforcement Intelligence Unit

• Locate any evidence
• Identify the contraband
• Direct the best allocation of resources

• INTELLIGENCE IS CONCERNED WITH…

• Crime

• Investigation

• Apprehension

• Prosecution

• Service to
• Investigators

• Projections
• of Future

Do all Investigations Utilize Intelligence?

• No
• Intelligence is used in serious or complex cases
• Intelligence may result in the initiation of an investigation

CASE PATHOLOGY

• Case
• Archaeology

• Case
• Progression

• Intelligence
• Initialization

EQUITY  Equitable enforcement of the law  Equal treatment under the Constitution  Equitable distribution of police services and resources

• EQUITY  Equitable enforcement of the law  Equal treatment under the Constitution  Equitable distribution of police services and resources
• EFFECTIVENESS
•  Accomplishing your goals
•  Achieving planned and desired results
• EFFICIENCY  Not wasting resources  Providing “good value for money”

• CORNERSTONES OF
• INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

• Obtaining and
• Integrating Information

• The Role of Law Enforcement in Intelligence

• Identifying Crimes
• and Crime Trends

• Identifying
• Criminals

• Developing
• Cases

• Providing
• Investigative Support

• Projecting
• Crime Trends

• SCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITY

• Macro-Intelligence

• Micro-Intelligence

• CRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITY

• General

• Specialized

• CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINT

• SCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITY

• Macro-Intelligence

• Micro-Intelligence

• CRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITY

• INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS

• General

• Specialized

• Tactical

• Operational

• Strategic

• CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINT

• LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE

• NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE

• Crime
• Driven

• LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE

• NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE

• Crime
• Driven

• Constitutional
• Rigidity

• LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE

• NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE

• Crime
• Driven

• Judicial
• Scrutiny

• Constitutional
• Rigidity

• LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE

• NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE

• Crime
• Driven

• Presidential
• Policy Driven

• Judicial
• Scrutiny

• Constitutional
• Rigidity

MYTHS ABOUT LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE

• Public demand for police services, particularly 911 rapid-response services, is largely out of police control, thereby limiting abilities to do other work.
• Police department resources are, in the main, already deployed to best advantage, efficiently and effectively.
• Intelligence is a discretionary “add on” to the core job of policing.
• Intelligence is a risky enterprise that is largely inefficient and “borders on the edge of unlawfulness.”

• Need and Value of Intelligence
• Not Recognized

• Limited Body of Research
• Knowledge in Law Enforcement

• Intelligence as a Management
• Resource Not Recognized

• Paramilitary/Bureaucratic Police
• Structure Inhibits Intelligence

• Law Enforcement is Usually
• Reactive—Intelligence is Proactive

• Intelligence is Multidisciplinary—
• Policing Is Largely Unidisciplinary

• Past Abuses of Intelligence
• Make Police Defensive

• REASONS
• POLICE
• HAVE
• BEEN
• RELUCTANT
• TO
• CREATE
• FULL-
• SERVICE
• INTELUNITs

MANAGEMENT ISSUES

• Unity of Command
• Balancing competing interests
• Political considerations
• Staffing
• Mixture of sworn and civilian employees
• Role of civilians as advisors to sworn officers

ADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS

• Characteristics, background, and education
• “Street” experience may narrow an analyst’s view
• Longevity in the unit
• Analysts do not require law enforcement authority

DISADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN ANALYSTS

• Lack of mobility
• Relationship to officers
• Loyalty to Department
• Clearance Levels

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

• An organized process by which information is gathered, assessed, and distributed in order to fulfill the goals of the intelligence function
• It is a method of performing analytic activities and placing the analysis in a usable form.

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

• Requirement
• Collection
• Evaluation
• Collation
• Analysis
• Reporting
• Dissemination

• COLLECTION

• Overt
• Sources

• Information
• Segregation

• Source Reliability
• Information Validity

• EVALUATION

• COLLATION

• Covert
• Sources

• Index &
• Storage

• ANALYSIS

• Conclusions

• Predictions

• Estimates

• REPORTING

• Tactical

• Strategic

• Periodic

• DISSEMINATION

• Routine
• Distribution

• Response to
• Requests

• FEEDBACK
• AND
• RE-EVALUATION